Bibliography
Scroll to view the list of sources for the Indy Toxic Heritage exhibit or jump to a particular section.
Introduction
Mutnick, Deborah, ed. The City Is an Ecosystem: Sustainable Education, Policy, and Practice. Routledge Advances in Urban Sustainability. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge, 2023.
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Water
Bowman, Sarah. “After 15 years and $2B, DigIndy is almost done. It’s probably not big enough. Here’s why.” Indianapolis Star. 10 January 2020. https://www.indystar.com/story/news/environment/2020/01/10/digindy-tunnel-might-not-big-enough-keep-sewage-out-river/4181373002/.
Hunter, Diane, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer (retired), Miami Tribe of Oklahoma, “Myaamiaki (Miami People): Preserving and Protecting their History and Culture.” Presentation, Allen County Public Library, April 26, 2023, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9frmb-GyymQ
Indiana State Board of Health (ISBH). Annual Report, 1911. Indianapolis; Wm B. Burford, Contractor for State Printing and Binding, 1912.
“The Water of the White River,” Indianapolis News. p.7 23 May 1896.
“Will Look at Sewers: Health board hears plea,” Indianapolis Star. 25 April 1909.
“Sewer Survey Being Made,” Indianapolis Star. p. 18. 16 July 1919.
Mullins, Paul R. “‘Not an Agreeable Neighbor’: Industry and Development in West Indianapolis.” Invisible Indianapolis. 6 October 2019. https://invisibleindianapolis.wordpress.com/2019/10/06/not-an-agreeable-neighbor-industry-and-development-in-west-indianapolis/
Mullins, Paul R. “Seeing the White River: Visual Heritage in Riverside Park,” blog post, Archaeology and Modern Material Culture. 1 March 2020. https://paulmullins.wordpress.com/2020/03/01/seeing-the-white-river-visual-heritage-in-riverside-park/#more-4332.
Mullins, Paul R., Kyle Huskins, and Susan B. Hyatt. “Race and the Water: Swimming, Sewers, and Structural Violence in African America.” In Archaeologies of Violence and Privilege. Edited by Christopher N. Matthews and Bradley D. Phillippi. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2020.
US Environmental Protection Agency. “EPA announces $113 Million for Indiana drinking water, wastewater and stormwater infrastructure upgrades as part of President Biden’s Investing in America agenda.” 10 February 2024. https://www.epa.gov/newsreleases/epa-announces-113-million-indiana-drinking-water-wastewater-and-stormwater.
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Food
Diggs, John C. “A Sanitary Survey of White River.” Journal of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 6, no. 8. (1 August 1914): 639–40. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50068a008.
Gore, Elizabeth (Liz). Interview. Indy Toxic heritage Archive. 7 March 2024. https://projects.library.indianapolis.iu.edu/s/indy-toxic-heritage-pollution-place-and-power/item/381
“Leadlining: Environmental Justice in Indianapolis.” Collaborative project, Benjamin Clark, John Terwilliger, Amanda Pavot, Shauna Keith, Hailey Barrow. ArcGIS StoryMap, December 2022, Revised October 2023. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/f62faecd4b2d43e49c58f464845c740f
Mullins, Paul R. “Gardens in the Black City: Landscaping 20th-Century African America.” Archaeology and Material Culture Blog, 19 July 2015. https://paulmullins.wordpress.com/2015/07/19/gardens-in-the-black-city-landscaping-20th-century-african-america/
“The Nuisance Question.” Indianapolis News. 11 February 1873, pg 4.
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Clothing
David Clark, former owner operator of Meridian Heights Cleaners. [interview, 8-24-21])
“Environment and Race: Dry Cleaning and Environmental Justice in Indianapolis.” Collaborative project, Elizabeth Kryder-Reid and David Kloster, et al. ArcGIS StoryMap, May 26, 2021. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/4d28f320d66e4a449b2bca01e2491b9b
Kryder-Reid, Elizabeth, Owen Dwyer, and Gabriel Filippelli. “Dirty Laundry: The Toxic Heritage of Dry Cleaning in Indianapolis, Indiana.” In Toxic Heritage (pp. 217–233). Routledge, 2023. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003365259-24
Jimmy McGee, Interview, “EPA looking into Keystone corridor superfund site.” WRTV, 23 September 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Pf0xjQPAYM
Indiana Department of Environmental Management. “Dry Cleaner and Laundry Dataset.” https://www.in.gov/idem/cleanups/resources/dry-cleaner-and-laundry-dataset/
US Environmental Protection Agency. “Keystone Corridor Ground Water Contamination, Indianapolis, Superfund site, EPA.” https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0510399
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Energy
Austin, Kaila. “A Forgotten Freetown: Telling the Story of Black Resilience and Impact in Norwood and Barrington.” Mar 1, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bbsFeAvCvG8
“Background History of Norwood Neighborhood.” photo-reproduction of manuscript, LFD2019_0006 Indiana Historical Society, c.19702-80s. Digital Image 2019 Norwood Neighborhood All Rights Reserved. https://images.indianahistory.org/digital/collection/p16797coll53/id/2496
“Coal Ash and the Toxic Legacy of Fossil Capital: The Toxic Heritage of the Harding Street Station.” A collaborative project by Ben Clark and Madeline Griem, with contributions from Angela Campbell, Micaela Knox, and Katelynn Sinclair. ArcGIS StoryMap, December 2022; Revised October 2023. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/413730245a6042fc88aa70e6969da091
Frank, Indra. Quoted in Enrique Saenz. “EPA rule change could spark cleanup at westside power plant.” Mirror Indy. 3 May 2024. https://mirrorindy.org/epa-rule-coal-ash-indianapolis-westside-
harding-street-power-plant/.
Gutierrez, Mary. Quoted in Enrique Saenz. “Indiana attorney general fights EPA rule that would reduce pollution on Indy’s west side.” Mirror Indy. 19 March 2024. https://mirrorindy.org/westside-indianapolis-air-pollution-rule-epa-todd-rokita/.
Holderfield, Don (Norwood resident). Quoted in “Neighbors concerned about air pollution during coke plant demolition.” WTHR. 6 August 2012. https://www.wthr.com/article/news/local/neighbors-concerned-about-air-pollution-during-coke-plant-demolition/531-e9307164-951d-4c5f-81b4-ca18f7e984ac
Hoosier Environmental Council, “Indiana Coal Ash Map.” https://www.hecweb.org/issues/environmental-health-justice/coal-ash/indiana-coal-ash-map/
Kenney, Kara. “Neighborhood worried about drinking water safety.” WRTV. 16 May 2016. https://www.wrtv.com/news/call-6-investigators/call-6-neighborhood-worried-about-plants-impact-on-drinking-water.
Maher Tim. “Communities as victims: Social impact of toxic pollution.” Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of the Social Sciences (1989): 105–112.
—.. “Environmental Oppression: Who is Targeted for Toxic Exposure?” Journal of Black Studies, 28(3) (1998): 357-367. https://doi.org/10.1177/002193479802800305
—.. Interview. Indy Toxic heritage Archive. 21 March 2024. https://projects.library.indianapolis.iu.edu/s/indy-toxic-heritage-pollution-place-and-power/item/385
Maher, Tim, Jason Ward, David Allender. When the Ovens Go Cold: Industrial Contamination and Community Response : Preliminary Report of the Coke Plant Re-use Project Group. University of Indianapolis, 2009.
McPhee, Lauren. “A Brief History of Historic Norwood: The Freetown.” 18 November 2021.
Owens, Sr., Mark. Interview. Indy Toxic heritage Archive. 5 March 2024. https://projects.library.indianapolis.iu.edu/s/indy-toxic-heritage-pollution-place-and-power/item/379 https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/b66011bac47d4a23b6fb43660883a075
“Rising From The Soot: Environmental Racism in Norwood.” Collaborative project, Ben Clark, Autumn Abbatiello, Abby Chamberlin, Parth Chaubey, Andrew Lohman, and Peyton Reicherts, ArcGIS StoryMap, November 28, 2022, Revised October 2023. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/b66011bac47d4a23b6fb43660883a075
Saenz, Enrique. “EPA rule change could spark cleanup at westside power plan.” Mirror Indy. 3 May 2024. https://mirrorindy.org/epa-rule-coal-ash-indianapolis-westside-
harding-street-power-plant/.
—. “Indiana attorney general fights EPA rule that would reduce pollution on Indy’s west side.” Mirror Indy. 19 March 2024. https://mirrorindy.org/westside-indianapolis-air-pollution-rule-epa-todd-rokita/.
Zullo, Robert. “New EPA rules will force fossil fuel power plants to cut pollution.” Indiana Capital Chronicle. 29 April 2024. https://indianacapitalchronicle.com/2024/04/29/new-epa-rules-will-force-fossil-fuel-power-plants-to-cut-pollution/
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Home
Citizens Energy Group. “Lead Service Line Replacement Program.” n.d. https://info.citizensenergygroup.com/projects/lead-service-line-replacement.
Cusack-McVeigh, Holly. “Reluctant Returns: Repatriating a Poisoned Past.” In Toxic Heritage: Legacies, Futures, and Environmental Injustice, Edited by Elizabeth Kryder-Reid and Sarah May, Routledge, 2024. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781003365259-17/reluctant-returns-repatriating-poisoned-past-holly-cusack-mcveigh
Dodson, Robin, Megan R. Schwarzman, and Ruthann Rudel, “Body lotions, mothballs, cleaning fluids and other widely used products contain known toxic chemicals, study finds.” The Conversation. May 2, 2023, https://theconversation.com/body-lotions-mothballs-cleaning-fluids-and-other-widely-used-products-contain-known-toxic-chemicals-study-finds-204732
Frey, H. Christopher, et al. “Characterizing Determinants of Near-Road Ambient Air Quality for an Urban Intersection and a Freeway Site.” Health Effects Institute Research Report 207. September 2022. https://www.healtheffects.org/system/files/frey-rr-207-report.pdf
Lewis, Tanya. “The Health Risks of Gas Stoves Explained.” Scientific American. 19 January 2023. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-health-risks-of-gas-stoves-explained/
Maher, Tim. Interview. Indy Toxic heritage Archive. 21 March 2024. https://projects.library.indianapolis.iu.edu/s/indy-toxic-heritage-pollution-place-and-power/item/385
Meranger, J. C. “Lead in Ceramic Glazes.” Canadian Journal of Public Health / Revue Canadienne de Santé Publique Vol. 64, No. 5 (September / October 1973), pp. 472-476.
Mesothelioma.com. “Asbestos in the Home.” n.d. https://www.mesothelioma.com/asbestos-exposure/jobsites/homes/.
Mullins, Paul. “‘Not an Agreeable Neighbor’: Industry and Development in West Indianapolis. Invisible Indianapolis. 6 October 2019. https://invisibleindianapolis.wordpress.com/2019/10/06/not-an-agreeable-neighbor-industry-and-development-in-west-indianapolis/
“Property Owners Near Sellers Farm Sue the City for an Aggregate of $112,500.” Indianapolis Journal, 13 November 1892, p. 8. https://newspapers.library.in.gov/?a=d&d=IJ18921113.1.8&srpos=21&e=——-en-20–21-byDA-txt-txIN-%22sellers+farm%22+stench——.
Scherber, Annette. “Hoosier Women’s Fight for Clean Air” Untold Indiana. 17 March 2017. https://blog.history.in.gov/tag/smoke/
The Stakes, The People vs. Dutch Boy Lead .Podcast, hosted by Kai Wright and reported by Christopher Werth. April 23, 2019. https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/the-stakes/episodes/the-stakes-people-vs-dutch-boy-lead
US Environmental Protection Agency. “Near Roadway Air Pollution and Health: Frequently Asked Questions.” August 2014. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2015-11/documents/420f14044_0.pdf
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Neighborhood
Beaubien, Brad. Quoted in Sarah Bowman. “The White River: Boundaries of ‘redlining’ maps still etched in Indianapolis neighborhoods.” Indianapolis Star. 2 May 2020. https://www.indystar.com/in-depth/news/environment/2020/05/02/redlined-indianapolis-areas-still-see-poverty-poor-health/3017810001/.
Brooks, Paula. Quoted in Tyler Fenwick. “How I-65/70 shattered Black neighborhoods.” Indianapolis Recorder. 27 December 2018. https://indianapolisrecorder.com/c57d7e9c-09e4-11e9-b276-83369364ae4e/.
Gifford, Aleks. Quoted in Sarah Bowman. “Residents cry foul at possible Superfund designation — and the state, feds listen.” Indianapolis Star. 5 September 2017. https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2017/09/05/residents-cry-foul-possible-superfund-designation-and-state-feds-listen/626239001/.
Greater Riverside Improvement Project,, “Riverside Civic League Grant Request to the Indianapolis Foundation for support for GRIP, Greater Riverside Improvement Project,” June 27, 1967. Collection, Indiana Historical Society.
“Mapping Inequality: Redlining in New Deal America.” University of Richmond. n.d. https://dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/
Mullins, Paul R. “In the Shadow of the Interstate: Living with Highways.” Archaeology and Material Culture. 3 October 2019. https://paulmullins.wordpress.com/2019/10/03/in-the-shadow-of-the-interstate-living-with-highways/
Ryan, Jordan. “Residential Segregation in Indianapolis: Who lives where — and why.” ArcGIS StoryMap, October 24, 2023. https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/8eeca18877d4471db034f116739d3c82
— “Residential Segregation in Indianapolis.” Encyclopedia of Indianapolis. n.d. https://indyencyclopedia.org/features/residential-segregation-in-indianapolis/
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Work
Brooks, Paula. Interview. “S02E05 – Black Indy Part 2: Reclaiming Indianapolis’ Black History, Part V.” Urban Roots Podcast, Aug 14, 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPrjjVIGNis
David Clark, former owner operator of Meridian Heights Cleaners. [interview, 8-24-21]. Social and Environmental History of Dry Cleaning, Indiana University research project.
“Carrier-Bryant.” Environmental Protection Agency, n.d. https://response.epa.gov/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=7559
Gore, Elizabeth (Liz). Interview. Indy Toxic Heritage Community Archive. 7 March 2024. https://projects.library.indianapolis.iu.edu/s/indy-toxic-heritage-pollution-place-and-power/item/381
Metropolitan Planning Department of Marion County, Indiana. “Comprehensive Plan for Industrial Land Use for Metropolitan Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana.” A Segment of the Metropolitan Plan Commission’s Original Comprehensive of Master Plan of Marion County, Indiana. Officially adopted 12 December 1962. City-County Archive, City of Indianapolis, Department of Metropolitan Development.
Stokes, Adelle. “Gravel Pit.” Indy Toxic Heritage Community Archive. 2 March 2024. https://projects.library.indianapolis.iu.edu/s/indy-toxic-heritage-pollution-place-and-power/item/371
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Play
Filippelli, Gabriel. “Building Environmental Optimism from the Ground Up.” IUPUI Center for Translating Research into Practice. 26 April 2024. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YT5dRuhZ5GQ
Jarvis, R. Walter. Quoted in “Eighteen Swimming Pools Urged by Jarvis.” Indianapolis News, 3 July 1919.
Mullins, Paul R. “Race and the River: Swimming, Sewers, and Segregation.” Archaeology and Material Culture. 22 February 2016. https://paulmullins.wordpress.com/2016/02/22/race-and-the-river-swimming-sewers-and-segregation/
Mullins, Paul R., Kyle Huskins, and Susan B. Hyatt. “Race and the Water: Swimming, Sewers, and Structural Violence in African America.” In Archaeologies of Violence and Privilege. Edited by Christopher N. Matthews and Bradley D. Phillippi. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2020.
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Conclusion
Greg Harger, Interview. 12 March 2024, Indy Toxic Heritage Digital Archive. https://projects.library.indianapolis.iu.edu/s/indy-toxic-heritage-pollution-place-and-power/item/389
“Annual Report.” Indiana State Board of Health. 1914.
“Urban Wilderness Trail.” White River State Park. n.d. https://www.discoverwhiteriver.com/parks-riverfronts/parks/urban-wilderness-trail/ ; https://whiteriverstatepark.org/venue/urban-wilderness-trail/.
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General Sources
Bowman, Sarah. “Indiana One of Most Polluted States. New Report says Legislature Gets a D+ on Green Bills.” Indianapolis Star, March 22. 2022 https://www.indystar.com/story/news/environment/2022/03/22/indiana-environmental-bills-lawmakers-flunking-state-pollution/7094262001/
Bullard, Robert D.. “The Legacy of American Apartheid and Environmental Racism “ Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development. Volume 9, Spring 1994, Issue 2.
Davies, Thom. 2022. “Slow Violence and Toxic Geographies: ‘Out of Sight’ to Whom?” Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 40 (2): 409–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399654419841063.
Frickel, Scott and James R. Elliott. 2018. Sites Unseen: Uncovering Hidden Hazards in American Cities. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Fuller, Trevor. Environmental Justice and Activism in Indianapolis. Lexington Books, 2015.
Kryder-Reid, Elizabeth,” The importance of shining a light on hidden toxic histories.” The Conversation. September 14, 2023. https://theconversation.com/the-importance-of-shining-a-light-on-hidden-toxic-histories-211657
Kryder-Reid, Gabriel Filippelli, with Phyllis Boyd, Paula Brooks, Aghilah Nadaraj, Alvin Sangsuwangul, Leah Humphrey. 2021a. “EJ Stories: Exploring University-Community Collaborations.” Engage! Vol. 3 No. 1 https://journals.iupui.edu/index.php/ENGAGE/article/view/25724 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18060/25724
Nixon, Rob. Slow Violence and the Environmentalism of the Poor. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 2011 https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt2jbsgw
Pulido, Laura. “Geographies of race and ethnicity 1: White supremacy vs white privilege in environmental racism research.” Progress in Human Geography 2015, Vol. 39(6) 809–817.
Schwier, Ryan T. n.d. Indiana Legal Archive. Website developed 2014-2016. http://www.indianalegalarchive.com/
Zimring, Carl A. 2015. Clean and White: A History of Environmental Racism in the United States. New York: New York University Press.
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